|
Point Cloates (), formerly known as Cloate's Island, is a peninsula approximately 100 kilometres south south-west of North West Cape, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.〔(Geoscience Australia, ''Place Names Search: Point Cloates'', 2004 ) (Access: 14 April 2013).〕 It features Point Cloates Lighthouse and the ruins of a previous lighthouse (built in 1910); both buildings are on Cloates Hill, which rises 41 metres (134.5 feet) above sea level.〔(National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (United States), ''Pub175, 2004 Sailing Directions (Enroute): West Coast of Australia'' (8th ed.), ProStar Publications, Annapolis, 2004 ), p112.〕 During the 17th and 18th centuries, the first European mariners to see Pt Cloates believed the area between the point and North West Cape to be a small island, which became known to them as "Cloat's Island" (see the box inset, right). The "island" was often confused with other geographical features; these errors led to it being mismapped, as well as suggestions that its existence was doubtful, or that it was a phantom island. The first Europeans to report seeing the point, in 1618, were Captain Lenaert Jacobszoon and supercargo Willem Janszoon, in the Dutch East India Company ship ''Mauritius''. On 1 May 1622, John Brooke, captain of the ''Tryall'' claimed to have sighted an island in the area, while en route from England to Batavia (Jakarta), in the Dutch East Indies. (The ''Tryall'' was wrecked shortly afterwards, on the rocks that now bear its name, north of the Montebello Islands.) The name "Cloate's" or "Cloat's Island" originated with a European mariner named Nash, who in 1719 named it after one of the owners of his vessel, a Flemish "baron".〔(Ida Lee, ''Early Explorers in Australia'' Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, 1925 ) p ? (Access: 14 April 2013).〕 Nash is believed to have been English, and the spelling may be an anglicisation of the Flemish surname Cloot. Nash was commanding a "Flemish" (probably Austrian Netherlands) ship, ''House of Austria'', en route from Ostend to a port in China. Nash estimated that the island was "32 leagues" (approximately 180 kilometres) in length. Guthrie's world map of 1785 shows the island at 97° east longitude, due south of Keeling Island, which is 16 degrees west and more than 1,600 kilometres east of Pt Cloates. Such errors led some cartographers to classify Cloats Island as a "doubtful" or "phantom island". For instance, James Horsburgh wrote in ''The India Directory'', first published in 1809, that: "Cloates Island very probably has no real existence."〔(James Horsburgh, ''The India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America'' (Volume 1), William H. Allen, London ), p111. (Access: 14 April 2013).〕 In 1827, Phillip Parker King suggested that the "island" was a peninsula.〔(Phillip Parker King, ''Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia: performed between the years 1818 and 1822'' (Volume II), John Murray, London, 1827, pp365–6 ). (Access: 14 April 2013)〕 Nevertheless, "Cloates Island" remained on some later marine charts and world maps. The ruins of the first Pt Cloates Lighthouse, built in 1910, are listed in the Western Australian register of heritage places (2005). In 1912, the Western Australian government granted a whaling licence to a Norwegian company to operate whaling stations at Frenchman's Bay near Albany and "Norwegian Bay" (near Pt Cloates). ==Footnotes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Point Cloates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|